职场英语必备习语解析：提升商务沟通能力

名词摘要，概要; 总结，一览

形容词概括的，总结的; 即刻的，立即的

1. 总结;摘要;概括
A summary of something is a short account of it, which gives the main points but not the details.

e.g. What follows is a brief summary of the process...
接下来是对此流程的一个简短概括。
e.g. Here's a summary of the day's news...
下面是今日新闻简报。

2. 从速的;即决的;草草的
Summary actions are done without delay, often when something else should have been done first or done instead.

e.g. It says torture and summary execution are common...
那上面称酷刑和草草处决很常见。
e.g. There is no doubt that some considered that a beating was no more than summary justice...
毫无疑问，有人认为拷打比草菅人命好不到哪去。

及物动词更新，使现代化; 校正，修正

名词现代化; 更新的信息; 更新的行为或事例

名词权威; 权力; 学术权威; [复数]当权者

1. 当局;官方;当权者
The authorities are the people who have the power to make decisions and to make sure that laws are obeyed.

e.g. This provided a pretext for the authorities to cancel the elections...
这给当局取消此次选举提供了借口。
e.g. The prison authorities have been criticised for not moving more quickly to end the protest by inmates.
监狱当局因没有尽快采取行动制止犯人抗议而受到批评。

2. 行政管理机构
An authority is an official organization or government department that has the power to make decisions.

e.g. ...the Health Education Authority...
卫生教育局
e.g. Any alterations had to meet the approval of the local planning authority.
任何改建都要取得当地规划机构的批准。

3. 权力；权限；职权
Authority is the right to command and control other people.

e.g. Local police chiefs should re-emerge as figures of authority and reassurance in their areas...
各地警察局局长应当重树其维护辖区安定的执法者形象。
e.g. The judge had no authority to order a second trial.
法官无权进行二次审判。

4. 威信
If someone has authority, they have a quality which makes other people take notice of what they say.

e.g. He had no natural authority and no capacity for imposing his will on others.
他天生缺乏威信，根本没有能力把他的意志强加于人。

5. （官方的正式）许可
Authority is official permission to do something.

e.g. The prison governor has refused to let him go, saying he must first be given authority from his own superiors.
监狱长拒绝释放他，说他首先必须得到上级官员的许可。

6. （某一方面的）权威人士，专家
Someone who is an authority on a particular subject knows a lot about it.

e.g. He's universally recognized as an authority on Russian affairs.
他是公认的俄罗斯事务专家。

7. 有可靠的消息来源
If you say you have it on good authority that something is true, you mean that you believe it is true because you trust the person who told you about it.

e.g. I have it on good authority that there's no way this light can cause skin cancer.
我有来自权威人士的说法，这种光不可能引起皮肤癌。

名词回路; 圈，环; [医]宫内避孕环; 弯曲部分

及物/不及物动词（使）成环，（使）成圈; 以环连结; 使翻筋斗

1. （绳等形成的）圈，环
A loop is a curved or circular shape in something long, for example in a piece of string.

e.g. Mrs. Morrell reached for a loop of garden hose.
莫雷尔太太伸手去拿绕成圈的花园浇水用的软管。

2. 把（绳等）打成圈（或环）
If you loop something such as a piece of rope around an object, you tie a length of it in a loop around the object, for example in order to fasten it to the object.

e.g. He looped the rope over the wood...
他把绳子绕到木头上。
e.g. He wore the watch and chain looped round his neck like a medallion.
他将链表绕挂在脖子上，就像戴了一枚大奖章。

3. 打环；成圈
If something loops somewhere, it goes there in a circular direction that makes the shape of a loop.

e.g. The enemy was looping around the south side...
敌人正从南侧包抄过来。
e.g. The helicopter took off and headed north. Then it looped west, heading for the hills.
直升机起飞后向北飞行，接着又兜向西边，朝山那边飞去。

4. 属于/不属于圈内人士
If someone is in the loop, they are part of a group of people who make decisions about important things, or they know about these decisions. If they are out of the loop, they do not make or know about important decisions.

e.g. I think that the vice president was in the loop...
我认为副总统是局内人。
e.g. These activists don't want to feel out of the loop.
这些活跃分子不想做局外人。

名词优先，优先权; （时间，序上的）先，前; 优先考虑的事; [数]优先次序

1. 优先事项；最重要的事；当务之急
If something is a priority, it is the most important thing you have to do or deal with, or must be done or dealt with before everything else you have to do.

e.g. Being a parent is her first priority...
做好母亲是她的头等大事。
e.g. The government's priority is to build more power plants...
政府的首要任务是建造更多的发电站。

2. 优先考虑；给…优先权
If you give priority to something or someone, you treat them as more important than anything or anyone else.

e.g. The school will give priority to science, maths and modern languages...
学校将重点发展理科、数学和现代语言。
e.g. The proposals deserve support as they give priority to the needs of children.
这些提议值得拥护，因为它们优先考虑了儿童的需求。

3. 优先于；比…重要
If something takes priority or has priority over other things, it is regarded as being more important than them and is dealt with first.

e.g. The fight against inflation took priority over measures to combat the deepening recession...
抵制通货膨胀比抑制日益加剧的经济衰退更为重要。
e.g. I disagree with the premise that economic development has priority over the environment.
我不赞成经济发展应优先于环境保护这个前提。

名词拇指; （手套的）拇指部份

不及物动词翘起拇指请求搭乘（过路汽车），示意请求搭便车; 翻阅

及物动词翻阅; 作搭车手势; 用拇指翻脏[翻坏]（书页等）

1. (大)拇指
Your thumb is the short thick part on the side of your hand next to your four fingers.

e.g. She bit the tip of her left thumb, not looking at me.
她咬着左手的拇指尖，眼睛也不看我。

2. (手套的)拇指部分
The thumb of a glove is the part which a person's thumb fits into.

3. (站在路边，伸出手，拇指向上)请求搭便车，拦车
If you thumb a lift or thumb a ride, you stand by the side of the road holding out your thumb until a driver stops and gives you a lift.

e.g. It may interest you to know that a boy answering Rory's description thumbed a ride to Howth...
你或许会对这个消息感兴趣，有个和罗里描述的一模一样的小男孩搭便车到了霍斯。
e.g. Thumbing a lift had once a carefree, easy-going image.
伸手搭便车曾经给人以轻松随意的形象。

4. see also: well-thumbed

5. 扎眼;碍眼
If you say that someone or something sticks out like a sore thumb or stands out like a sore thumb, you are emphasizing that they are very noticeable, usually because they are unusual or inappropriate.

e.g. Does the new housing stick out like a sore thumb or blend into its surroundings?...
这个新住宅区是显得有点扎眼，还是和环境融为一体？
e.g. In Japan a European stands out like a sore thumb.
欧洲人到了日本会极为惹眼。

6. 无所事事;闲着无聊
If you say that someone is twiddling their thumbs, you mean that they do not have anything to do and are waiting for something to happen.

e.g. The prospect of waiting around just twiddling his thumbs was appalling...
想到将要无所事事，他就非常害怕。
e.g. The Government cannot expect graduates to twiddle their thumbs on the dole.
政府不愿意看到毕业生领着救济金却什么也不干。

7. 在…控制下;深受…影响
If you are under someone's thumb, you are under their control, or very heavily influenced by them.

e.g. I cannot tell you what pain I feel when I see how much my mother is under my father's thumb...
看见我母亲完完全全受我父亲的控制，我心里别提有多难受。
e.g. She has Rachel firmly under her thumb.
她把雷切尔牢牢地抓在手心里。

8. green thumb - see green
to thumb your nose at someone - see nose
rule of thumb - see rule

相关词组：thumb through

名词捏; 拧; 扭; 苦恼

及物动词稍稍调整（机器、系统等）

1. 扭;扯;拧
If you tweak something, especially part of someone's body, you hold it between your finger and thumb and twist it or pull it.

e.g. He tweaked Guy's ear roughly...
他粗暴地扯盖伊的耳朵。
e.g. 'A handsome offer', she replied, tweaking his cheek.
“一个慷慨的提议”，她拧着他的面颊回答道。

2. 稍稍改进;对…作微调
If you tweak something such as a system or a design, you improve it by making a slight change.

e.g. He expects the system to get even better as the engineers tweak its performance.
他预计在工程师对其性能稍加改进后，该系统会运行得更加良好。

形容词（人）弄错的，理解错误的; （行动、想法、判断等）错误的; 被误解的

动词误解; 误会; 弄错，误解(mistake的过去分词); 认不出

1. 搞错的;弄错的；误解的
If you are mistaken about something, you are wrong about it.

e.g. I see I was mistaken about you...
我明白我以前错怪你了。
e.g. You couldn't be more mistaken, Alex. You've utterly misread the situation.
亚历克斯，你真是大错特错，你对局势的判断根本不对。

2. (信仰、意见)错误的，不正确的
A mistaken belief or opinion is incorrect.

e.g. I had a mistaken view of what was happening.
我对当时发生的事情曾有一种错误的认识。
e.g. ...a limited understanding of addiction and mistaken beliefs about how it can be overcome.
对上瘾的有限认识和关于如何将其戒除的错误观念

及物/不及物动词（使）终止，中断，中止

1. 终止;中断
If you discontinue something that you have been doing regularly, you stop doing it.

e.g. Do not discontinue the treatment without consulting your doctor.
未经医嘱不得中断治疗。

2. 停止，终止(生产)
If a product is discontinued, the manufacturer stops making it.

e.g. The Leica M2 was discontinued in 1967...
徕卡 M2 型相机于 1967 年停产。
e.g. They have a huge selection of discontinued cookers.
他们有大量绝版的精选炉灶。