英语听力训练：如何精准描述图表和视觉资料

名词类型，部门，种类，类别，类目; [逻，哲]范畴; 体重等级

1. 种类;类别
If people or things are divided into categories, they are divided into groups in such a way that the members of each group are similar to each other in some way.

e.g. This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalised autobiography...
这本书很显然属于自传体小说。
e.g. The tables were organised into six different categories...
餐桌被编为6个不同的类别。

名词结论; 结局; 断定，决定; 推论

1. 结论;推论
When you come to a conclusion, you decide that something is true after you have thought about it carefully and have considered all the relevant facts.

e.g. Over the years I've come to the conclusion that she's a very great musician...
这些年来，我得出的结论是她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。
e.g. I have tried to give some idea of how I feel — other people will no doubt draw their own conclusions.
我试着说了一些我的感受，其他人无疑会有他们自己的结论。

2. 结束;末尾
The conclusion of something is its ending.

e.g. At the conclusion of the programme, I asked the children if they had any questions they wanted to ask me.
节目结束的时候，我问孩子们有没有问题想问我。

3. 缔结;签订
The conclusion of a treaty or a business deal is the act of arranging it or agreeing it.

e.g. ...the expected conclusion of a free-trade agreement between Mexico and the United States.
墨西哥与美国之间自由贸易协定的如期签订

4. 必然会发生的事;事先料定的结局
You can refer to something that seems certain to happen as a foregone conclusion .

e.g. It was a foregone conclusion that I would end up in the same business as him...
早已注定我最终会和他干同一行。
e.g. The championship result was almost a foregone conclusion.
锦标赛的结果差不多在意料之中。

5. 最后;总而言之
You say 'in conclusion' to indicate that what you are about to say is the last thing that you want to say.

e.g. In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式，而且随时随地都可以进行。

6. 匆忙地下判断;草率地下结论
If you say that someone jumps to a conclusion, you are critical of them because they decide too quickly that something is true, when they do not know all the facts.

e.g. I didn't want her to jump to the conclusion that the divorce was in any way her fault...
我不想让她草率地断定离婚完全是她的错。
e.g. Forgive me. I shouldn't be jumping to conclusions.
原谅我，我不该草率地下结论。

名词投资，投资额; 封锁; （时间、精力的）投入; 值得买的东西

1. 投资
Investment is the activity of investing money.

e.g. He said the government must introduce tax incentives to encourage investment...
他说政府必须推出税收激励政策来鼓励投资。
e.g. One of the most important changes concerns the investment of pension contributions.
最重要的一个变化涉及养老保险基金的投资。

2. 投资金额;投资物
An investment is an amount of money that you invest, or the thing that you invest it in.

e.g. ...an investment of twenty-eight million pounds...
2,800万英镑的投资金额
e.g. You'll be able to earn an average rate of return of 8% on your investments.
你将能获得 8% 的平均投资收益率。

3. 有用的投资物;值得买的东西
If you describe something you buy as an investment, you mean that it will be useful, especially because it will help you to do a task more cheaply or efficiently.

e.g. When selecting boots, fine, quality leather will be a wise investment...
在挑选长筒靴的时候,购买上等的好皮靴将是明智的选择。
e.g. A small-screen portable TV can be a good investment.
小屏幕的便携式电视机很值得买。

4. (时间、精力的)投入
Investment of time or effort is the spending of time or effort on something in order to make it a success.

e.g. I worry about this big investment of time and effort.
我担心投入这么多时间与精力却不起作用。

形容词具体的; 明确的; 特种的; [免疫学]特效的

名词特效药; 特性; 细节; 显著的性质，特性

1. (部位、问题、题目等)特定的，特别的
You use specific to refer to a particular fixed area, problem, or subject.

e.g. Massage may help to increase blood flow to specific areas of the body...
按摩有助于增加身体特定部位的血液流量。
e.g. There are several specific problems to be dealt with...
有几个特定问题需要解决。

2. （表达）明确的，确切的，具体的
If someone is specific, they give a description that is precise and exact. You can also use specific to describe their description.

e.g. I asked him to be more specific...
我要求他说得更具体些。
e.g. These nerve centres generate rhythmic movements; or to be more specific, rhythmic stomach movements...
这些神经中心产生有节奏的运动，或者更确切地说，是有节奏的肠胃蠕动。

名词概观; 总的看法; 回顾，复习

1. 概观；概览；概述
An overview of a situation is a general understanding or description of it as a whole.

e.g. The central section of the book is a historical overview of drug use.
该书的核心部分对毒品的使用作了历史概述。