英语听力中会议文件与背景信息表达技巧

名词分析，分解; 梗概，要略; [数]解析; 验定

1. 细察；分析
Analysis is the process of considering something carefully or using statistical methods in order to understand it or explain it.

e.g. Her criteria defy analysis...
她的标准让人搞不明白。
e.g. We did an analysis of the way that government money has been spent in the past.
我们分析了政府资金过去的使用情况。

2. 分析;分解
Analysis is the scientific process of examining something in order to find out what it consists of.

e.g. They collect blood samples for analysis at a national laboratory...
他们采集血样供一个国家实验室进行分析。
e.g. Jacobsen based his conclusion on an analysis of the decay of samarium-147 into neodymium-143.
雅各布森得出的结论是基于对钐-147衰变成钕-143所作的分析。

3. 分析报告；分析结果
An analysis is an explanation or description that results from considering something carefully.

e.g. ...coming up after the newscast, an analysis of President Bush's domestic policy.
在新闻报道之后是对布什总统国内政策的解读

4. 归根结底；总之
You use the expression in the final analysis or in the last analysis to indicate that the statement you are making is the most important or basic aspect of an issue.

e.g. I'm on the right track and I think in the final analysis people will understand that...
我的思路对头，我认为最终人们会明白的。
e.g. Violence in the last analysis produces more violence.
暴力最终会产生更多的暴力。

名词（画等的）背景; 底色; 背景资料; 配乐

1. 出身背景；学历；经历
Your background is the kind of family you come from and the kind of education you have had. It can also refer to such things as your social and racial origins, your financial status, or the type of work experience that you have.

e.g. Moulded by his background, he could not escape the traditional role of strict father...
受成长环境的影响，他摆脱不了严父的传统角色。
e.g. She came from a working-class background...
她出身于工人家庭。

2. （事件或情况的）背景
The background to an event or situation consists of the facts that explain what caused it.

e.g. The background to the current troubles is provided by the dire state of the country's economy...
目前的问题是在国家经济岌岌可危的背景下出现的。
e.g. The meeting takes place against a background of continuing political violence.
这次会议是在政治暴力连续不断的背景下召开的。

3. 背景声音；背景音乐
The background is sounds, such as music, which you can hear but which you are not listening to with your full attention.

e.g. I kept hearing the sound of applause in the background...
我不断听到隐约的鼓掌声。
e.g. ...police sirens wailing in the background...
隐约传来的警笛呼啸声。

4. （画等的）后景
You can use background to refer to the things in a picture or scene that are less noticeable or important than the main things or people in it.

e.g. ...roses patterned on a blue background...
蓝底上的玫瑰花样
e.g. Paint the background tones lighter and the colours cooler.
将背景色调涂淡一点，颜色偏冷一些。

名词委员会

1. 委员会
A committee is a group of people who meet to make decisions or plans for a larger group or organization that they represent.

e.g. ...a committee of ministers.
部长委员会
e.g. ...an elected Management Committee who serve the Association on a voluntary basis.
通过选举产生、自愿为协会服务的管理委员会

名词手; 协助，帮助; （工具等的）把，柄; 掌管

及物动词传递，交给; 搀扶; 支持

名词用法及短语（NOUN USES AND PHRASES）

1. 手
Your hands are the parts of your body at the end of your arms. Each hand has four fingers and a thumb.

e.g. I put my hand into my pocket and pulled out the letter...
我把手伸进口袋，掏出了那封信。
e.g. Sylvia, camera in hand, asked, 'Where do we go first?'
西尔维娅手里拿着相机问道：“我们先去哪里？”

2. 作用;影响
The hand of someone or something is their influence in an event or situation.

e.g. The hand of the military authorities can be seen in the entire electoral process...
整个选举过程中都能看出军方的介入。
e.g. The study will strengthen the hand of congressmen who want stricter enforcement of the 14-year-old Act.
该研究将使那些希望更加严格执行这项已存在14年的法案的议员影响力加强。

3. 照顾;支配;掌管
If you say that something is in a particular person's hands, you mean that they are looking after it, own it, or are responsible for it.

e.g. I feel that possibly the majority of these dogs are in the wrong hands...
在我看来很可能这些狗大多数都没有人妥善照看。
e.g. He is leaving his north London business in the hands of a colleague...
他把自己伦敦北部的业务交给一位同事打理。

4. 帮助;援手
If you ask someone for a hand with something, you are asking them to help you in what you are doing.

e.g. I could see you'd want a hand with the children...
我能看出你需要有人帮着照看孩子。
e.g. Come and give me a hand in the garden...
到花园里来帮我一把。

5. （工厂或农场的）工人，体力劳动者（通常指男性）
A hand is someone, usually a man, who does hard physical work, for example in a factory or on a farm, as part of a group of people who all do similar work.

e.g. He now works as a farm hand...
他现在是一名农场工人。
e.g. He met mill hands, miners and farm labourers.
他见过工厂工人、矿工和农场工人。

6. （通常指演出前后的）鼓掌，掌声
If someone asks an audience to give someone a hand, they are asking the audience to clap loudly, usually before or after that person performs.

e.g. Let's give 'em a big hand.
让我们为他们热烈鼓掌。

7. （女方的）允婚
If a man asks for a woman's hand in marriage, he asks her or her parents for permission to marry her.

e.g. He came to ask Usha's father for her hand in marriage.
他来请求乌莎的父亲把女儿嫁给他。

8. （纸牌游戏中的）手中的牌，一手牌
In a game of cards, your hand is the set of cards that you are holding in your hand at a particular time or the cards that are dealt to you at the beginning of the game.

e.g. He carefully inspected his hand.
他仔细地审视着自己手中的牌。

9. 一手之宽（测量马匹高度的单位，等于4英寸）
A hand is a measurement of four inches, which is used for measuring the height of a horse from its front feet to its shoulders.

e.g. I had a very good 14.2 hands pony, called Brandy.
我有一匹很棒的14.2手高的小马，名叫布朗迪。

10. （钟表上的）指针
The hands of a clock or watch are the thin pieces of metal or plastic that indicate what time it is.

11. 字迹;手迹;笔迹
Your hand is the style in which you write with a pen or pencil.

e.g. The manuscripts were written in the composer's own hand.
手稿是作曲家亲笔写的。

12. （空间或时间上）接近的，不远的
If something is at hand ,near at hand, or close at hand, it is very near in place or time.

e.g. Having the right equipment at hand will be enormously helpful...
手头上有合适的设备将会帮上大忙。
e.g. Realizing that his retirement was near at hand, he looked for some additional income.
意识到自己快要退休了，他想要挣些外快。

13. 在…手中，从…那里（尤指受到不好的待遇）
If someone experiences a particular kind of treatment, especially unpleasant treatment, at the hands of a person or organization, they receive it from them.

e.g. The civilian population were suffering greatly at the hands of the security forces.
老百姓吃尽了安全部队的苦头。

14. 用手工
If you do something by hand, you do it using your hands rather than a machine.

e.g. Each pleat was stitched in place by hand.
每条褶裥都是手工缝制到位的。

15. 变换所有权;易主;易手
When something changes hands, its ownership changes, usually because it is sold to someone else.

e.g. The firm has changed hands many times over the years.
该公司多年来已几易其主。

16. 完全受（某人）支配;完全听命于（某人）
If you have someone eating out of your hand, they are completely under your control.

e.g. Parker could have customers eating out of his hand.
帕克能让顾客对自己言听计从。

17. 连手带脚地，手脚一起地（捆绑）
If someone is bound hand and foot, both their hands and both their feet are tied together.

18. 迫使（某人）提前行动（或公开其所作所为）
If you force someone's hand, you force them to act sooner than they want to, or to act in public when they would prefer to keep their actions secret.

e.g. He blamed the press for forcing his hand.
他指责新闻界迫使自己采取行动。

19. （为…）忙得不可开交;（因…）应接不暇
If you have your hands full with something, you are very busy because of it.

e.g. She had her hands full with new arrivals.
她忙于应付新来的人。

20. 自行决定权;自由行动权
If someone gives you a free hand, they give you the freedom to use your own judgment and to do exactly as you wish.

e.g. He gave Stephanie a free hand in the decoration.
他放手让斯蒂芬妮全权负责装修一事。

21. 迅速而大量地（赚钱或花钱）
If you say that someone is making or losing money hand over fist, you mean that they are getting or losing a lot of money very quickly.

22. （通常指经过努力后）获得，得到
If you get your hands on something or lay your hands on something, you manage to find it or obtain it, usually after some difficulty.

e.g. Patty began reading everything she could get her hands on.
帕蒂开始阅读她能找到的所有东西。

23. （与某人）密切合作地
If you work hand in glove with someone, you work very closely with them.

e.g. The UN inspectors work hand in glove with the Western intelligence agencies.
联合国观察员和西方情报机构之间密切合作。

24. （常指为表示爱意而）手拉手的，携着手的
If two people are hand in hand, they are holding each other's nearest hand, usually while they are walking or sitting together. People often do this to show their affection for each other.

e.g. I saw them making their way, hand in hand, down the path.
我看到他们手拉手沿着小路往前走去。

25. （两件事）密切相关地，同时并进地
If two things go hand in hand, they are closely connected and cannot be considered separately from each other.

e.g. For us, research and teaching go hand in hand...
对我们而言，研究和教学是齐头并进的。
e.g. Hand in hand with the police inquiries the government has also announced a full investigation.
在警方调查的同时，政府也宣布要展开彻查。

26. 参加;参与
If you have a hand in something such as an event or activity, you are involved in it.

e.g. He thanked all who had a hand in his release.
他向所有帮助自己获得释放的人表示感谢。

27. （统治者）用高压手段，严厉地
If you say that someone such as the ruler of a country treats people with a heavy hand, you are criticizing them because they are very strict and severe with them.

e.g. Henry and Richard both ruled with a heavy hand.
亨利和理查都用高压手段实行统治。

28. （常指为表示爱意而）手拉手，牵手
If two people are holding hands, they are holding each other's nearest hand, usually while they are walking or sitting together. People often do this to show their affection for each other.

e.g. She approached a young couple holding hands on a bench.
她走近一对手拉手坐在长椅上的年轻情侣。

29. 给…精神上的支持
If you ask someone to hold your hand at an event that you are worried about, you ask them to support you by being there with you.

e.g. I don't need anyone to hold my hand.
我不需要任何人的精神安慰。

30. （比赛）尚待进行
In a competition, if someone has games or matches in hand, they have more games or matches left to play than their opponent and therefore have the possibility of scoring more points.

e.g. Wales are three points behind Romania in the group but have a game in hand.
威尔士队在小组中以3分之差落后于罗马尼亚队，但他们还有一场比赛没踢。

31. （时间或金钱）宽余的
If you have time or money in hand, you have more time or money than you need.

e.g. Hughes finished with 15 seconds in hand.
休斯提前了15秒完成。

32. （工作或问题）办理中的，处理中的
The job or problem in hand is the job or problem that you are dealing with at the moment.

e.g. The business in hand was approaching some kind of climax.
手头的生意似乎快到紧要关头了。

33. （局势）在控制下，在掌握中
If a situation is in hand, it is under control.

e.g. The Olympic organisers say that matters are well in hand.
奥运会的组织方说各项事务都在掌控之中。

34. 偶尔练习以保持熟练
If you do something to keep your hand in, you practise a skill or hobby occasionally in order to remain fairly good at it.

e.g. He still plays keyboards for a local band to keep his hand in.
他仍在一个本地乐队里担任键盘手，以免技艺生疏。

35. 趴着;四肢着地
If you are on your hands and knees, your knees and feet and the palms of your hands are touching the ground.

e.g. Chris crawled on his hands and knees out onto the highway.
克里斯手脚并用爬上了公路。

36. 向…伸出援手;给予…帮助
If you lend someone a hand, you help them.

e.g. I'd be glad to lend a hand.
我很乐意帮忙。

37. （不客气的警告语）别碰…，别干涉…
If you tell someone to keep their hands off something or to take their hands off it, you are telling them in a rather aggressive way not to touch it or interfere with it.

e.g. Keep your hands off my milk.
不准打我的牛奶的主意。

38. 马上;立即;无需询问（或查证）
If you do not know something off hand, you do not know it without having to ask someone else or look it up in a book.

e.g. I can't think of any off hand.
我现在一个也想不出来。

39. 由…负责/不再由…负责
If you have a problem or responsibility on your hands, you have to deal with it. If it is off your hands, you no longer have to deal with it.

e.g. They now have yet another drug problem on their hands...
他们现在又有个吸毒问题需要解决。
e.g. She would like the worry of dealing with her affairs taken off her hands.
她希望不再为处理自己的事务而烦恼。

40. 在手头;在近处;现有
If someone or something is on hand, they are near and able to be used if they are needed.

e.g. The Bridal Department will have experts on hand to give you all the help and advice you need...
婚礼用品部会有现成的专家为您提供所需的一切帮助和建议。
e.g. There was simply no cash on hand to meet the cost of food.
手头实在没有现金可以购买食品。

41. 一方面…（另一方面…）
You use on the one hand to introduce the first of two contrasting points, facts, or ways of looking at something. It is always followed later by on the other hand or 'on the other'.

e.g. On the one hand, if the body doesn't have enough cholesterol, we would not be able to survive. On the other hand, if the body has too much cholesterol, the excess begins to line the arteries.
一方面，如果体内没有足够的胆固醇，我们就无法存活下去。另一方面，如果体内胆固醇过高，多余的胆固醇就会附着在动脉内壁上。

42. （从）另一方面（来说）（用于引出相对照的另一点）
You use on the other hand to introduce the second of two contrasting points, facts, or ways of looking at something.

e.g. Well, all right, hospitals lose money. But, on the other hand, if people are healthy, don't think of it as losing money; think of it as saving lives.
嗯，好吧，医院是赔钱。但从另一个角度看，如果人们都健健康康的，就不能认为是在赔钱，而应该想成是在救死扶伤。

名词定位; 位置，场所; 外景（拍摄地）

1. （某事发生或某物坐落的）位置，场所
A location is the place where something happens or is situated.

e.g. The first thing he looked at was his office's location...
他首先看的是自己办公室的位置。
e.g. Macau's newest small luxury hotel has a beautiful location.
澳门最新的小型豪华饭店地理位置优美。

2. （某人或某物所在的确切）位置，地点
The location of someone or something is their exact position.

e.g. She knew the exact location of The Eagle's headquarters.
她知道“飞鹰”总部的确切地点。

3. 外景拍摄地
A location is a place away from a studio where a film or part of a film is made.

e.g. ...an art movie with dozens of exotic locations...
在众多异域之地取景的艺术片
e.g. We're shooting on location.
我们正在拍摄外景。

副词出局; 在外，在外部; 完全，彻底; 出版

介词（表示来源）从; （从…里）出来; （表示不在原状态）脱离; 离去

及物动词使熄灭; 揭露; 驱逐

形容词外面的; 出局的; 下台的; 外围的

名词不流行; 出局

副词用法（ADVERB USES）