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非洲崛起之路：创新、责任与可持续发展

本网站 发布时间： 2025-08-16 14:38:49

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    文章探讨了非洲近年来在创新、责任和可持续发展方面的崛起。内容涵盖了卢旺达无人机送药、非洲风险能力气候保险、经济管理、教育投资、基础设施建设、青年与女性发展以及反腐挑战，展示了非洲自我发展与应对全球挑战的努力。
    精选100篇经典TED演讲，时长8-15分钟，内容涵盖创新、成长与未来趋势。提供MP3在线播放、下载及英文文本，助你提升听力与口语。用思想的力量，点燃学习热情！下面是本期【TED】100篇经典演讲口语听力素材合集的内容，坚持积累，让你的英语更贴近生活！

    The narrative of a rise in Africa has been challenged. About ten years ago, I spoke about an Africa of hope and opportunity, an Africa of entrepreneurs, an Africa very different from the Africa that you normally hear about of death, poverty and disease. And that's what I spoke about became part of what is known as the narrative of the rise in Africa. I want to tell you two stories about this rise in Africa. The first has to do with Rwanda, a country that has gone through many trials and tribulations. And Rwanda has decided to become the technology hobo, a technology hobo in the continent. It's a country with mountainous and hilly terrain, a little bit like here. So it's very difficult to deliver services to people. So what has Rwanda said in order to save lives is going to try using drones to deliver life-saving drugs, vaccines and blood to people in hard to reach places in partnership with a company called Zipline with UPS and also with the Gavi, the Global Vaccine Alliance. In doing this, it will save lives. This is part of the type of innovation we want to see in the rise in Africa.

    Another story has to do with climate-related challenges. Many African countries often suffer from droughts and floods, and these events are becoming more frequent due to climate change. Traditionally, they would wait for international appeals to raise money. To address this, 32 countries came together under the African Union to form an organization called the African Risk Capacity. It functions as a weather-based insurance agency. Each country pays an annual premium of around $3 million from its own resources so that in case of severe droughts or floods, the money is automatically paid out to help populations immediately. Last year, the African Risk Capacity paid $26 million to Mauritania, Senegal, and Niger, helping 1.3 million affected people by restoring livelihoods, buying cattle fodder, feeding children in schools, and preventing migration from disaster-struck areas. This story shows Africa taking responsibility for its own solutions.

    However, the narrative of a rise in Africa has faced challenges recently. Although the continent had been growing at about 5% per annum over the past one and a half decades, this year's forecast dropped to 3%. Reasons include global economic uncertainty, falling commodity prices, and external issues such as Brexit. This situation calls for reflection on past successes and failures, and how Africa can continue to rise. There are six major successes worth noting: better management of economies, debt reduction, restructuring loss-making enterprises, the telecoms revolution, investments in education and health, and a reduction in conflicts.

    During the 80s and 90s, Africa struggled economically. In the 2000s, policymakers learned to manage macroeconomic environments better, maintaining low inflation, fiscal discipline, and stability to attract domestic and foreign investment. Debt relief programs, such as the Highly Indebted Poor Countries initiative, helped reduce the debt-to-GDP ratio from 130% in 1994 to around 30% in 2005, freeing up resources for development. Loss-making government enterprises were restructured, privatized, or closed. Additionally, the telecoms revolution enabled 687 million mobile lines across Africa, compared to 11 million in 2000, supporting mobile money services in Kenya and access to alternative energy.

    Despite growth, Africa faced major challenges. Job creation remained insufficient, with high unemployment and underemployment. The quality of growth was low, moving people from low-productivity agriculture to low-productivity commerce and informal urban sectors. Inequality rose, with billionaires accumulating more wealth than the bottom 75 million people. Absolute poverty numbers stayed high due to population growth, and infrastructure investment was inadequate. Electricity consumption in sub-Saharan Africa remains equivalent to Spain's, limiting development. Economies still depend heavily on commodities, with low manufacturing and internal trade. Weak governance and corruption persist, alongside new security threats such as Boko Haram and El Shabaab. Education systems are broken, failing to equip youth with future-ready skills.

    To move forward, Africa must learn to manage success by reinforcing what works: economic management, stability, debt control, and policy consistency. Priority areas include infrastructure, especially power, governance and anti-corruption measures, and engaging young people. Youth possess creativity and potential to innovate and lead. Similarly, the talents of women and girls must be recognized and unleashed. If these measures are implemented, the rise of Africa will not be temporary but a lasting trend, despite occasional setbacks. Investments in Africa should be viewed as long-term opportunities.

    Fighting corruption comes with personal risks. Leaders face pushback and threats, such as kidnapping attempts against family members. Yet, the commitment to establish strong institutions and prevent the theft of Africa's future remains essential. The continent must continue the fight, maintaining integrity and transparency, ensuring that no one is allowed to derail Africa's progress.

部分单词释义

单词解释英文单词解释
  • debt

    名词债务; 负债情况; 义务; 罪，过失

    1. 债务;欠款
    A debt is a sum of money that you owe someone.

    e.g. Three years later, he is still paying off his debts...
    都3年了，他仍在偿还债务。
    e.g. Shrinking economies mean falling tax revenues and more government debt.
    经济收缩意味着税收的减少和政府债务的增加。

    2. 负债（状态）
    Debt is the state of owing money.

    e.g. Stress is a main reason for debt.
    重压是负债的一个主要原因。

    3. (表示感激）我欠你个人情/我受你的恩惠
    You use debt in expressions such as I owe you a debt or I am in your debt when you are expressing gratitude for something that someone has done for you.

    e.g. He was so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe him...
    他对我太好了，我永远也还不清这份人情。
    e.g. I owe a debt of thanks to Joyce Thompson, whose careful and able research was of great help...
    我要衷心地感谢乔伊斯·汤普森先生，他严谨而卓著的研究给予了我极大的帮助。

  • education

    名词教育; 培养; 教育学; 训练

    1. （通常指学校）教育;培养;训练
    Education involves teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college, or being taught.

    e.g. They're cutting funds for education...
    他们正在削减教育经费。
    e.g. Paul prolonged his education with six years of advanced study in English.
    保罗延长了他的受教育时间，打算花6年时间深造英语。

    2. （针对某一问题的公众）教育
    Education of a particular kind involves teaching the public about a particular issue.

    e.g. ...better health education.
    更好的健康教育

    3. see also: adult education;further education;higher education

  • infrastructure

    名词基础设施; 基础建设

    1. (国家、社会、组织赖以行使职能的)基础建设,基础设施
    The infrastructure of a country, society, or organization consists of the basic facilities such as transport, communications, power supplies, and buildings, which enable it to function.

    e.g. ...investment in infrastructure...
    对基础设施的投资
    e.g. The infrastructure, from hotels to transport, is old and decrepit.
    从宾馆到交通，所有的基础设施都已陈旧失修。

  • insurance

    名词保险费; 保险，保险业; 预防措施

    形容词[体]巩固球队领先局面，使对手不能因增加一分而成平局的

    1. 保险
    Insurance is an arrangement in which you pay money to a company, and they pay money to you if something unpleasant happens to you, for example if your property is stolen or damaged, or if you get a serious illness.

    e.g. The insurance company paid out for the stolen jewellery and silver...
    保险公司赔付了遭窃的珠宝和银器。
    e.g. We recommend that you take out travel insurance on all holidays.
    我们建议您为所有假期都购买旅行保险。

    2. 预防措施;安全保证
    If you do something as insurance against something unpleasant happening, you do it to protect yourself in case the unpleasant thing happens.

    e.g. The country needs a defence capability as insurance against the unexpected.
    国家需要有一定的防御能力，以应对不可预知的情况。

  • success

    名词成功，成就; 好成绩，好结果; 成功的人（或物）

    1. 成功;胜利;成就
    Success is the achievement of something that you have been trying to do.

    e.g. It's important for the long-term success of any diet that you vary your meals.
    如果想要成功做到长期节食，很重要的一点是要膳食多样化。
    e.g. ...the success of European business in building a stronger partnership between management and workers.
    欧洲企业在劳资双方之间建立更牢固的伙伴关系上所取得的成功

    2. (在某一领域的)成功，成名
    Success is the achievement of a high position in a particular field, for example in business or politics.

    e.g. Nearly all of the young people interviewed believed that work was the key to success.
    几乎所有被采访的年轻人都认为工作是成功的关键。

    3. (某事所取得的)成功，良好表现
    The success of something is the fact that it works in a satisfactory way or has the result that is intended.

    e.g. Most of the cast was amazed by the play's success...
    大多数演员都为该剧大获成功而感到惊奇。
    e.g. Enthused by the success of the first exhibition, its organisers are hoping to repeat the experience.
    由于首展告捷，组织者大受鼓舞，希望能再创佳绩。

    4. 成功的人(或事物)
    Someone or something that is a success achieves a high position, makes a lot of money, or is admired a great deal.

    e.g. The jewellery was a great success...
    这些珠宝大获赞誉。
    e.g. We hope it will be a commercial success.
    我们希望它能取得商业上的成功。

  • youth

    名词年轻; 青年，小伙子; 初期，少年（青年）时期; 〈集合词〉青少年们

    1. 青年时期;青少年时代
    Someone's youth is the period of their life during which they are a child, before they are a fully mature adult.

    e.g. In my youth my ambition had been to be an inventor.
    我年轻时的抱负是成为一个发明家。
    e.g. ...the comic books of my youth.
    我少年时代看的漫画书

    2. 青春;朝气;年轻
    Youth is the quality or state of being young.

    e.g. Gregory was still enchanted with Shannon's youth and joy and beauty...
    格雷戈里仍为香农的朝气、快乐和美丽着迷。
    e.g. The team is now a good mixture of experience and youth.
    这个队如今既经验丰富又充满朝气。

    3. （新闻用语，尤指惹麻烦的）青年，小伙子
    Journalists often refer to young men as youths, especially when they are reporting that the young men have caused trouble.

    e.g. ...gangs of youths who broke windows and looted shops...
    打碎玻璃橱窗抢劫商店的成群的年轻人
    e.g. A 17-year-old youth was remanded in custody yesterday.
    一名17岁的年轻人昨天被还押候审。

    4. （统称）青年，年轻人
    The youth are young people considered as a group.

    e.g. He represents the opinions of the youth of today...
    他代表着当今年轻人的看法。
    e.g. She's not a very good influence on the youth of this country.
    她对这个国家的青年一代没什么好影响。

  • corruption

    名词腐败; 贪污; 贿赂; 变体

    1. 腐败;贪污;受贿
    […]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;Corruption is dishonesty and illegal behaviour by people in positions of authority or power.

    […]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;e.g. The President faces 54 charges of corruption and tax evasion...
    […]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;总统面临54项腐败和逃税的指控。
    […]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;e.g. Distribution of food throughout the country is being hampered by inefficiency and corruption.
    […]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;低效和腐败行为阻碍了食品在全国的分发。

    2. (单词的)变体
    […]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;In linguistics, a corruption is a word that is derived from an earlier word, but which has become changed in some way.

    […]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;e.g. 'Morris' is an English corruption of 'Moorish', meaning North African.
    […]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;[…]nbsp;Morris 在英语中是 Moorish 的变体，意思是“北非的”。

  • manufacturing

    名词制造业，工业

    形容词制造业的，制造的

    动词加工; （大规模）制造( manufacture的现在分词 ); 捏造; 粗制滥造（文学作品）

  • governance

    名词管理; 统治; 支配; 统治方式

    1. （国家的）统治方式，管理方法
    The governance of a country is the way in which it is governed.

    e.g. They believe that a fundamental change in the governance of Britain is the key to all other necessary changes.
    他们认为从根本上改变英国的统治方式是促成其他所有必要变革的关键所在。

    2. （公司、机构等的）管理方法
    The governance of a company or organization is the way in which it is managed.

    e.g. ...a dramatic move away from the traditional view of governance in American education.
    在美国教育管理方式的传统观点上作出的巨大转变

  • economies

    经济；节约( economy的名词复数 )；经济情况；经济结构；

  • inequality

    名词不平等，不均等; [数]不等式; 变动，变化; 不相同

    1. (社会地位、财富、机会等)不平等，不均等
    Inequality is the difference in social status, wealth, or opportunity between people or groups.

    e.g. People are concerned about social inequality...
    人们很关注社会不平等问题。
    e.g. Blacks have been hurt by racial inequalities in housing and education.
    住房与教育方面的种族不平等现象让黑人深受伤害。

  • women

    名词女人(woman的复数); 堂客; 红粉

    1. （woman 的复数）
    Women is the plural of woman.

  • entrepreneurs

    <法>企业家( entrepreneur的名词复数 )；主办人；

  • drones

    雄蜂( drone的名词复数 )；嗡嗡声；持续的低音或和音；不务正业而依赖他人为生者；发出嗡嗡声( drone的第三人称单数 )；谈；说；唱；

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