Essential Listening for High School English Exams: Understanding Misunderstandings and Cross-Cultural Communication | 3500 Words Immersive Passages

noun

1. motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling

2. something done as an indication of intention

e.g. a political gesture
a gesture of defiance

3. the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

Synonym: motion

noun

1. a poor example

e.g. it was an apology for a meal
a poor excuse for an automobile

Synonym: excuse

2. an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone

e.g. he wrote a letter of apology to the hostess

3. a formal written defense of something you believe in strongly

Synonym: apologia

noun

1. someone who administers the rules of a game or sport

e.g. the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

2. a worker who holds or is invested with an office

Synonym: functionary

adj

1. of a mental act performed entirely within the mind

e.g. a cognition is an immanent act of mind

Synonym: immanent

2. taking place within the mind and modified by individual bias

e.g. a subjective judgment

adj

1. made to feel uncomfortable because of shame or wounded pride

e.g. too embarrassed to say hello to his drunken father on the street
humiliated that his wife had to go out to work
felt mortified by the comparison with her sister

Synonym: humiliatedmortified

2. feeling or caused to feel uneasy and self-conscious

e.g. felt abashed at the extravagant praise
chagrined at the poor sales of his book
was embarrassed by her child's tantrums

Synonym: abashedchagrined